Allergy testing

Alergen to be tested via blood

Allergy Skin Testing

Overview:

Allergy skin testing is a diagnostic tool used to identify specific allergens that cause allergic reactions. It is commonly performed using the skin prick test.

Procedure:

1.Preparation: The patient’s forearm or back is cleaned and marked with small numbers to indicate different test sites.

2.Application: Drops of allergen extracts are placed on the marked sites.

3.Pricking: A small, sterile lancet is used to prick the skin through the drops, allowing the allergens to penetrate the skin’s surface.

4.Observation: After about 15-20 minutes, the skin is observed for reactions. A positive reaction is indicated by a raised, red, itchy bump (wheal) surrounded by redness (flare).

Interpretation:

•The size of the wheal and flare is measured

Benefits:

•Quick and relatively painless.

•Provides immediate results.

•Helps identify specific allergens to tailor treatment plans.

What do we test?

There may be billions of allergen in this world, however you may not be exposed to them all. We test only those allergen that are common in Mumbai & can possibly cause symptoms in the nose & lungs.

Common Allergen in Mumbai

MITES

D. farinae (Dermatophagoides farinae):

Commonly known as the American house dust mite, it thrives in warm, humid environments and is a significant source of indoor allergens, often found in bedding, carpets, and upholstered furniture.

D. pteronyssinus (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus):

Known as the European house dust mite, it is similar to D. farinae and is also a major indoor allergen, commonly found in dust and fabrics.

Blomia tropicalis:

A tropical and subtropical mite species that is a prevalent indoor allergen, frequently associated with dust and bedding in humid climates.

Fungi

Aspergillus fumigatus:

A widespread mold found in soil, decaying plant matter, and indoor environments, it can cause allergic reactions and respiratory infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

Aspergillus niger:

Commonly found on decaying vegetation and soil, it produces black spores and can cause respiratory issues and allergic reactions.

Aspergillus flavus:

Found in soil and decaying organic matter, it is known for producing aflatoxins, which can be harmful if ingested, and can also cause respiratory allergies.

Fusarium solani:

A fungus present in soil and plant debris, it can cause plant diseases and human infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Cladosporium herbarum:

A common outdoor mold that can grow on dead plants, wood, and textiles, it releases spores that can cause respiratory allergies.

Alternaria alternata:

A widespread mold found in soil, plants, and indoor environments, its spores are a common cause of allergic reactions and asthma.

Plants

Cynodon dactylon:

Commonly known as Bermuda grass, it is a prevalent grass species in warm climates, and its pollen is a significant cause of seasonal allergies.

Parthenium hysterophorus:

Known as Congress grass, it is an invasive weed with highly allergenic pollen that can cause severe respiratory allergies and dermatitis.

Acacia arabica:

Also known as Babool or Indian gum arabic tree, it is a tree species whose pollen can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Casuarina equisetifolia:

Commonly known as the Australian pine, it is a tree found in tropical and subtropical regions, with pollen that can contribute to allergies.

Azadirachta indica:

Known as Neem, it is a tree valued for its medicinal properties, but its pollen can cause allergies in sensitive people.

Other Allergen

House Dust:

A mixture of particles including skin flakes, fabric fibers, dust mites, mold spores, and other debris, it is a common indoor allergen.

Dog Epithelia:

Skin flakes from dogs, which can contain proteins that cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Cat Dander:

Tiny flakes of skin shed by cats, containing proteins that are highly allergenic and can trigger asthma and other allergic reactions.

Pigeon Feather:

Feathers from pigeons can carry proteins and mites that can cause allergic reactions, particularly in urban environments where pigeons are common.

Who Must Undergo Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)

Ideal Candidates for SLIT:

1.Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: Individuals suffering from allergic rhinitis (hay fever) triggered by pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or molds.

2.Patients with Allergic Asthma: Those whose asthma symptoms are exacerbated by specific allergens.

3.Children and Adults: SLIT is suitable for both children and adults, particularly those who may not tolerate allergy shots.

4.Patients with Poor Medication Response: Individuals who do not achieve sufficient symptom relief from conventional allergy medications such as antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, or leukotriene inhibitors.

5.Desire for Long-term Solution: Those seeking a long-term reduction in allergy symptoms rather than daily medication.

What to Expect as a Patient

Starting SLIT:

1.Initial Dose: The first dose of the allergen extract is usually taken under medical supervision to monitor for any adverse reactions.

2.Daily Dosing: You will take a prescribed dose of the allergen extract daily by placing it under your tongue and holding it there for 1-2 minutes before swallowing.

3.Induction Phase: The dose is gradually increased over a period of days or weeks until the target maintenance dose is reached.

Maintenance Phase:

•Daily Administration: Continue taking the maintenance dose daily for several months to years, depending on the treatment plan.

•Regular Follow-ups: Periodic visits to the allergist to monitor your progress, manage any side effects, and adjust the dosage if necessary.

Potential Side Effects:

•Common Side Effects: Mild itching or tingling in the mouth or throat, which usually diminishes over time.

Commitment and Adherence:

•Consistency: Daily adherence to the dosing schedule is crucial for the effectiveness of SLIT.

•Duration: Be prepared for a long-term commitment, typically 3 years, to achieve the best results.

•Convenience: SLIT can be administered at home, making it convenient compared to regular visits for allergy shots.

•Safety: Generally well-tolerated with a favourable safety profile for both children and adults.

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